Monitorización de emisiones de carbono

A UKAS ISO17025 accredited method for the determination of the density of crude petroleum and related products within the range 600 to 1100 kg/m3 by oscillating U-tube density meter. Suitable for liquids of any vapour pressure, that can be kept a single phase with light end evaporation. The density value measured at one temperature can be converted to the density at another temperature using petroleum measurement tables.

A UKAS ISO17025 accredited method for measuring up to 25% water in petroleum products by distillation. Volatile water soluble species in the sample will be quantified as water. Level >25% can be measured, but there is no precision data available.

A UKAS ISO17025 accredited test for the determination of the ash content of petroleum products, such as distillate and residual fuel oils, crude petroleum, lubricating oils, waxes and other petroleum products, in which any ash-forming constituents present are normally considered to be undesirable impurities or contaminants. Ash can result from oil-soluble or water- soluble metallic compounds or from extraneous solids such as dirt and rust. This method is applicable to products having ash contents in the range 0.001% (m/m) to 0.180% (m/m) but does not apply to products that contain ash- forming additives, including certain phosphorus compounds.

A UKAS ISO17025 accredited method for the determination of the sulphur content of petroleum products such as naphtha, unleaded motor gasoline, middle distillates, residual fuel oil, base lubricating oil and their components. The method is for products with sulphur content of 0.03 to 5.00 % (m/m). Heavy metal additives, eg lead alkyls, and some elements may interfere with the measurement.

A UKAS ISO17025 accredited method determination of total carbon, total hydrogen and total nitrogen in crude oil, fuel oil, lubricants and residues, in the ranges of at least 75 to 87 mass% for carbon; at least 9 to 16 mass% for hydrogen, and 0.1 to 2 mass % for nitrogen. The results are expressed as mass %. The method is not recommended for the analysis of volatile materials such as gasoline, gasoline-oxygenate blends, or gasoline type aviation turbine fuels. Test method D is followed using a Thermo Flash analyser.

A UKAS ISO17025 accredited method for the determination of the chemical composition of natural gases and similar gaseous mixtures by gas chromatography (GC) analysis, using a specific Natural Gas Analyser (NGA). It is suitable for determining C1 – C5 alkanes, air (nitrogen and oxygen co-elute) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Heavy ends greater than nC5s are grouped as a single peak, backflushed off the column. Components are measured within the range 0.01 – 100 %mol. This method is based on ASTM D1945 - 03 with a modification to the column selection. This method uses different columns from those suggested in the standard and cannot separate nitrogen and oxygen. This method is not suitable for samples containing olefins as these components may co-elute with the alkanes.

BS EN 27941 (modified) / IP405: This standard specifies a gas chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of hydrocarbons in liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), excluding components whose concentrations are below 0.1% (rn/rn). It is applicable to the analysis of propane, butane and their commercial mixtures, which may include saturated and unsaturated C2, C3 C4 and C5 hydrocarbons. This is a UKAS ISO17025 accredited method.

A UKAS ISO17025 accredited method for the analysis of Fuel Gas by Hi-speed RGA analyser. The method will detect and measure helium, hydrogen, hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, ethene, propane, propene, n-butane, iso-butane, trans-2-butene, iso-butene, 1-butene, cis-2-butene, 1,3-butadiene, cyclopropane, propadiene, acetylene, n-pentane, iso-pentane, components heavier than n-C5 are determined as a single group. The method uses total peak area normalisation. The range, in %mol, for the components are: methane, 0.01 - 91.1; ethane, 0.01 - 99.9; ethane, 0.01 - 36.3; propane, 0.01 - 99.9; propene, 0.01 - 20.0; n-butane, 0.01 - 23.4; iso-butane, 0.01 - 10.2; trans-2-butene, 0.01 - 4.0; iso-butene, 0.01 - 2.0; 1-butene, 0.01 - 4.1; cis-2-butene, 0.01 - 2.0; 1,3 butadiene, 0.01 - 5.8; n-pentane, 0.01 - 3.1; iso-pentane, 0.01 - 4.2; cyclopropane, 0.01 - 0.09; propadiene, 0.01 - 1.9; acetylene, 0.01 - 2.0; >n-pentane, 0.01 - 4.0; H2S, 0.1 - 2.0; H2, 0.01 - 99.9; He, 0.01 - 99.9; CO2, 0.02 - 10.0; CO, 0.02 - 6.2; N2, 0.02 - 75;O2, 0.02 - 20.0.